Advanced Review
The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications
James D. Ford,
Tristan Pearce,
Ivan Villaverde Canosa,
Sherilee Harper,
Corresponding Author
James D. Ford
Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Correspondence
James D. Ford, Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorTristan Pearce
Department of Global and International Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorIvan Villaverde Canosa
Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorSherilee Harper
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJames D. Ford,
Tristan Pearce,
Ivan Villaverde Canosa,
Sherilee Harper,
Corresponding Author
James D. Ford
Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Correspondence
James D. Ford, Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorTristan Pearce
Department of Global and International Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorIvan Villaverde Canosa
Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorSherilee Harper
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Methodology (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorEdited by: Mike Hulme, Domain Editor and Editor-in-Chief
Funding information: ArcticNet; CIHR: Climate Change and Indigenous Food Systems, Food Security, and Food Safety; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, International Programme - Russia
Abstract
The Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change and is projected to experience the most warming this century of any world region. We review the societal aspects of these current and projected changes. Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge holders living in communities across the Arctic have detected unprecedented increases in temperature, altered precipitation regimes, and changing weather patterns, documenting impacts on terrestrial and marine environments. These local observations situate climate change as one of multiple interacting stressors. Arctic societies have exhibited resilience to climate change, but vulnerabilities are emerging at the nexus of changing environmental conditions and socioeconomic pressures. Infrastructure is highly susceptible to permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, compounded by the age of infrastructure, maintenance challenges, and cost of adapting. Livelihoods and cultural activities linked to subsistence harvesting have been affected by changes to wildlife, with coping mechanisms undermined by long-term processes of land dispossession and landscape fragmentation. Reduced sea ice coverage and changing ice dynamics are creating opportunities for enhanced shipping, oil and gas production, and deep-water fisheries. Legal, infrastructural, economic, and climatic challenges are expected to constrain such developments, with concerns over the distribution of potential benefits. Adaptation is already taking place in some sectors and regions, with efforts directly targeting climate impacts and also addressing underlying determinants of vulnerability. Barriers and limits to adapting are evident. Research that develops projections of future climate impacts is advancing, but studies examining the implications of such changes for communities or economies remain in their infancy.
This article is categorized under:
- Trans-Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Graphical Abstract
The societal impacts of climate change in the Arctic will be shaped by the unique livelihoods, cultures, and worldviews of those living in the region (photo: Graham McDowell).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| wcc735-sup-0001-Tables.docxWord 2007 document , 34.9 KB | Table S1 Indigenous and local observations of changing climatic conditions Table S2: IK and LK on changes on terrestrial ecosystems. Table S3: Examples of adaptation(s) in the subsistence hunting/fishing sector. Table S4: High-level research gaps identified in this paper have been recognized since the 2000s |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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