Woodlands are known to have a positive effect on flood mitigation, but the impact of different woodland types for natural flood management is not fully understood. We review the current state of research and suggest that improvement is needed in quantifying the effect of woodland types on catchment streamflow.

Integrating community resilience into gray-green-blue infrastructure for flood-resilient sponge cities.

Global distribution of notable urban stormwater management GI schemes and examples of different GI systems.

Schematic illustrating the review process and identified categories of barriers and solutions to widespread adoption of Green Stromwater Infrastucture (GSI), as well as some of the conclusions/ observations from the offered solutions.

This article provides an overview of nature-based solution types, data collection techniques, preferences elicitation methods that current studies have focused on, together with different perspectives of well-being that are addressed but rarely discussed in the existing literature.

Catchment systems engineering: Integrated holistic catchment management using nature-based solutions alongside traditional engineering structures.

NBS infrastructures, as the components of the ecosystem, can influence the hydrological processes and benefit stormwater management through changing ecological elements after implementation.

(A) Differences in floodplain delineation with hydrological and pedological approach in an urbanized area the city of Zlín, Czech Republic. (B) View of the edge of the active floodplain area (100-year flood extent in the map) formed by a levee. Source: authors, based on data provided by T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute and Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation.

There is an urgent need for an improved understanding of the ecohydrological (water–soil–vegetation interactions) impact of nature-based solutions (NbS), including more evidence of their benefits for and limitations for water security. We establish a typology of common NbS and review their impact on major hydrological processes. Based on this review, we identify consensus and knowledge-gaps and compare the suitability of different NbS at the catchment scale.

The design of side channels in the floodplain of Gameren, along the navigation channel of the river Rhine in the Netherlands, following the local DNA of the river. Left original situation 1994, right 2003, 4 years after reconstruction in 1999. (Photo's: Rijkswaterstaat Oost-Nederland & RWS-Beeldbank/Joop van Houdt).

Small-scale (<10,000 m³) headwater temporary storage areas (TSAs) store and attenuate surface runoff, providing new additional storage during flood events. They can be integrated within multifunctional landscapes to mitigate hydrological extremes in the context of a changing climate.

This state-of-the-art advanced review delivers fundamental knowledge about rain gardens, their construction and design considerations, contaminant removal mechanisms, hydraulic performance assessment tools, various modifications, and analyzes their potential as a nature-based solution for stormwater management in the urban ecosystem.

The overview attempts to understand the complexities of water, forest, and climate, which would be essential for the development of context-specific management strategies, sustainable development, and resource utilization.

Seven challenges for effective implementation of the European Nature Restoration Law that targets establishing an additional 25,000 km of free-flowing rivers by 2030. The seven challenges are interconnected, and the order does not imply a linear approach. All challenges must be addressed concurrently in order to achieve the overarching goal of restoring free-flowing rivers.

Key opportunities of success for implementing Natural Flood Management

Levee setbacks are an important form of nature-based solution for managing large rivers and their diverse ecosystem services. This image summarizes many of the important considerations to take into account when selecting sites for implementing levee setbacks.